<p>Chrysovitsi  is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Falanthos, Arcadia, Greece. At the 2011 census its population was 33 for the village and 58 for the community, which includes the village Mantaiika, 5 km southeast of Chrysovitsi. Built on the slopes of Mainalo at 1,100 m, Chrysovitsi is one of the highest villages in the Peloponnese. It is a traditional settlement since November 23, 1998  and its code number is 12317201. Chrysovitsi is 4 km southwest of Piana, 7 km northeast of Lykochia, 11 km east of Stemnitsa and 15 km northwest of Tripoli.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement dates back to the 15th century. Around 1700, it was mentioned as Chrissovizzi under the Venetian census and later Xovitzi (Ξοβίτζι). The village was a center of Greek rebellion during the Greek Revolution of 1821. The revolutionary leader Theodoros Kolokotronis grew up in nearby Limpovisi. In 1935, a lumbermill was built, which was operated until 1972. It is now used as a museum by the Forest Council. In 1997, the formerly independent community joined the municipality of Falanthos.</p><br>
<p>Spetsopoula  is an island situated to the southeast of Spetses, which is one of the Saronic Islands, in the region of Attica and the Aegean Sea. It is located at about 90 km by helicopter from Athens. Its area is about 2 Km. According to 2011 census the island is uninhabited but the previous census  reported a population of 8 inhabitants.</p><br>
<h2>Historical informations</h2><br>
<p>The ancient name of the island was Aristera and is referred by Greek traveler and geographer Pausanias. The modern name means small Spetses and owes it in the nearby Spetses. In 1962 the island was purchased by Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos. Spetsopoula is linked with the death of Eugenia Livanos, former wife of Stavros Niarchos. She was found dead in the island on 4 May 1970. Nowadays the island owned by descendants of Stavros Niarchos. Spetsopoula is often visited by people of high society, friends of Niarchos family.</p><br>
<h3>Historical population</h3><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Ballston Spa, New York, is located on Front Street in the village&#39;s commercial center. It is a brick building constructed in the mid-1930s, serving the 12020 ZIP Code, which covers the village and the surrounding areas of the Town of Ballston.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Louis A. Simon, supervising architect of the Treasury Department, it uses an extremely restrained version of the Colonial Revival architectural style common on most post offices in small towns from that period. Only one other post office in New York is similar to it. In 1988 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is located on the south side of Front Street at the corner of Milton Avenue (NY 50/67), Ballston Spa&#39;s main street. It is raised slightly above street grade and set back slightly, with some shrubbery in the front. Two large maple trees are at the corners. Across both Front and Milton are two- and three-story commercial buildings. On its west is a driveway leading to the loading dock in back.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story, five-by-seven-bay steel frame structure on a raised foundation with a vertical brick watercourse. A wing with the loading dock extends to the west from the rear. The brick is laid in common bond rising to a flat roof and parapet with stone coping.</p><br>
<p>The north (front) facade is centered around the round-arched main entrance, with modern aluminum and glass doors framed by a carved wooden fanlight surmounted by a vertical brick archivolt and keystone. "BALLSTON SPA N.Y. 12020-9998" is written in black lettering above the door. The windows on the front and lobby sections (the front three bays) on the sides have splayed brick lintels, keystones and stone sills. A stone course goes around the building above the top of the entrance archivolt. "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE BALLSTON SPA, NEW YORK 12020" is spelled out in bronze lettering above the course.</p><br>
<p>Two sets of stairs lead up from the sidewalk to a curved walk with the main entrance steps in the center. They are stone with iron railings. At the top a wheelchair ramp comes in from the west. The entrance is flanked by two original bracketed lanterns.</p><br>
<p>The door opens onto a glazed metal vestibule with glazed wooden doors leading into the lobby, which has been altered since the post office was built from an L shape to strictly rectangular. It is floored in ceramic tile and has a coved plaster ceiling. An original wooden dado remains on the east and north walls. Wooden framing remains on the bulletin boards and the entrance to the postmaster&#39;s office has a wood surround with denticulated cornice.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Following its incorporation as a village in 1807, Ballston Spa&#39;s post office was located in several different buildings, including at one point the Sans Souci opera house almost across the street from the present location. Eventually, given its role as the Saratoga county seat, pressure grew for a permanent, dedicated postal facility in the village.</p><br>
<p>Congress did not authorize one for Ballston Spa until 1931, as part of an early relief program at the outset of the Great Depression. Since it was necessary to acquire the land, on which four buildings stood, it took until 1935 before it was built by a New York City-based general contractor within Congress&#39;s $85,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) limit and opened.</p><br>
<p>Treasury Department Supervising Architect Louis A. Simon was in charge of the design. Like many post offices in small towns built during that period, it was a brick Colonial Revival building, following Treasury policy. Simon&#39;s design is an unusually restrained version of that style, with minimal use of its decorative features, compared to other contemporary New York state post offices such as the one in Scotia. Only one other Simon-designed post office from that era, the one in Ilion, shows similar restraint, down to the flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The interior was later altered slightly, with the L-shaped lobby converted into a merely rectangular one and the dado removed from two of the walls. The teller windows were replaced with modern ones and aluminum lockboxes added. Other than that there have been no significant additions to the building.</p><br>
<p>Tirupati Eparchaean Unconformity, a notified National Geo-heritage Monument is a major discontinuity of stratigraphic significance that represents a period of remarkable serenity in the geological history of the earth i.e. sudden changes and discontinuity in the rock layers in earth;s crust. It is seen at the steep natural slopes, road scars and ravines in the Tirupati – Tirumala Ghat road in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the Geological Survey of India (GSI) declared the unconformity to be one of the 26 “Geological Monuments of India”. GSI&#39;s commemoration document, published on the occasion of the 150 years anniversary celebration, provides an insight into the formation of the subcontinent, the orogeny, the paleoenvironment and the exotic collection of paleo-flora and fauna. The details provided for the Eparchaean Unconformity monument indicate that this feature forms the boundary surface between Proterozoic Nagari Quartzites and Archaean granite. The time gap between the formation of the two units is at least 500 Ma.</p><br>
<p>At this location, the boundary is between sedimentary rocks of the Cudappah Supergroup, 1600 million years in age, and Archaean rocks comprising granites, gneisses and dolerite dykes that are more than 2100 million years old. This unconformity gives an indication of the enormous time gap in the creation of the earth’s crust.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The geological monument is located in the Tirupati valley, which is bounded between (13.50&deg;N latitude, 79.375&deg;E longitude) and (13.45&deg;N latitude, 79.75&deg;E longitude). The basin is delimited between the Palakonda-Velikonda and Sanainbatla-Srikalahasti and Nagari ranges of the Eastern Ghats. Tirupati Temple, the most famous pilgrimage centre in South India is in the midst of the range of hills. The hills enclose the temple town to give it a form of an amphitheatre setting.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Tirupati hills are situated at the foot of a range of hills known by several names, including Seshachala, Venkatachala and Balaji. There are four geological units:</p><br>
<p>The Tirumala hills essentially of precambrian period are composed of sedimentary rocks &ndash; quartzites and intercalated shales, which are referred to as the Nagari quartzites, which forms part of the Cuddapah Supergroup. It is a subset of the Purana rock succession that rests above the archaean rocks.</p><br>
<p>The hill ranges of the Tirumala rise to a height of 900 m (at Tirumala) from the average height of 150 m in the plains at Tirupati. The steep scarp of the ranges shows the Eparchian Unconformity&#39;s topographic, structural and denudational features.</p><br>
<p>The sedimentary thickness of the Cudappah basin is of the order of 12 km, and includes volcanic sequences in the form of sills and dykes. A prominent Eparchaean Unconformity of the formation resting on the archaean peninsular gneissic complex is noted. Rocks of the Cuddapah Supergroup, and the overlying Kurnool Group, comprise the stratigraphic sequence of the basin. This feature is contiguous all along the defined Archaean-Cuddapah contact zone even though its age may vary along its traced path.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The location of the Geological Monument is well connected by road, rail and air routes.</p><br>
<p>The nearest railhead to Tirumala hills is Tirupati. The geological monument is located 10 km northwest of Tirupati town, at the 12 km point on the Tirupati – Tirumala Ghat road. From Tirupati railway station the approach to the Tirumal temple is only by road, a distance of 10 km.</p><br>
<p>The nearest airport is located at Renigunta, about 15 km away from the Tirupati city, which connects to Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore airports. Regular bus services (both private and government) are operated by all the states bordering Andhra Pradesh.</p><br>
<p>Karnasuvarna or Karnasubarna  was the capital of Shashanka, the first important king of ancient Bengal who ruled in the 7th century. After Shashanka&#39;s death it was the jayaskandhavara  of Bhaskaravarman, the king of Kamarupa probably for a short period. This is evident from his Nidhanpur copper-plate grant. In the mid-7th century, it was the capital of Jayanaga according to his Vappa Ghoshavata copper-plate grant. The ruins of Karnasuvarna have been located at Kansona in the present Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is 9.6 km south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of Murshidabad district.</p><br>
<p>Legend has it that Karnasuvarna was the capital of the Anga Kingdom that the Kaurava prince Duryodhana had given to the magnanimous Karna, the first born of Kunti.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Karnasuvarna Railway Station (earlier known as Chiruti) situated in the Barharwa-Azimganj-Katwa loop of Eastern Railway. Few passengers and express trains pass over the station. Bus services are available to district headquarters Baharampur from Karnasubarna.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations at Rajbaridanga</h2><br>
<p>The famous Chinese traveler Xuanzang mentioned in his travelogues about Lo-to-mo-chi (Raktamrittika) Mahavihara, an important centre of learning of Vajrayana Buddhists near Karnasuvarna. It has been identified with Rajbaridanga. The archaeological site of Rajbaridanga is about 2.4 km from Karnasuvarna railway station in the bank of the Bhagirathi River. Local transport like cycle vans, e-rickshaws (Toto) are available. This site was first excavated by a team from the Department of Archaeology, University of Calcutta in 1962 under the direction of S.R. Das. Amongst the findings, the most significant one was a monastic sealing bearing the legend Shri Rakta(m)rttika (Ma)havaiharik arya bhikshu (samgha)s(y)a (of the community of venerable monks residing in the Shri Raktamrittika Mahavihara). The other significant findings are terracotta figurines and ornamental stucco mouldings including human heads. Two other sites close by have been excavated at Rakshashidanga (in 1929-30 by K.N. Dixit of the Archaeological Survey of India) and Nil Kuthi. The whole area was</p><br>
<p>Los Naranjos is the name for an archaeological region in western Honduras. It lies on the north border of Lake Yojoa. It is significant to the region because of its implications on determining where the Mayan frontier existed, as well as which ancient peoples were in contact and what relations between "tribes" may have been like. Whether or not the Maya influenced the people of the Lake Yojoa region is disputed.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>In 1935, Frans Blom and Jens Yde conducted an excavation of a large mound at Los Naranjos. They found a large collection of polychrome pottery. They believed the large mound, which was one of many, was a burial mound because the bowls and pots they found were deliberately buried there. J.B. Edwards, a former Harvard botanist, helped Blom and Yde in their exploration of the site. He had excavated there in the past and had a large collection of antiquities. Yde purchased many of the specimens for the Danish National Museum. One particular vessel that Yde purchased became a topic of interest and was coined "the Yde Vessel".</p><br>
<p>From 1967 to 1969, archaeologists Claude F. Baudez and Pierre Becquelin periodically excavated the region. The two published the work Archeologie de Los Naranjos as a field guide for their findings. The work was written in French and an English translation is not readily available. The book includes both pictures of artifacts and tables that explain periods and locations of uncovered antiquities. They found sherds of ceramic vessels that came from four different periods, suggesting prolonged use of the site. They used four phases from which the artifacts they discovered came: Jaral (800–400 B.C.), Eden which is divided into Eden I (400–100 B.C.) and Eden II (100 B.C.–A.D. 550), Yojoa (A.D. 550-950) and Rio Blanco (A.D. 950-1250). Various antiquities found at the site include jade figurines, clay pottery and a jadeite hand axe, many of which suggest relation to Olmec origin. Clay pottery included findings of polychrome, monochrome and</p><br>
<p>Ulua bichrome coloration. Each varying coloration seems to have existed in different periods.</p><br>
<p>The stratigraphy, or way that strata separate periods, suggests that the region had been occupied for a long period. The oldest layers of strata contained monochrome pottery with little or no design. Sherds of pottery in the nearby La Sierra site seem to have direct ties with the pottery of Los Naranjos in the Late Classic period. Newer layers of strata showed polychrome pottery that was more advanced. Most of the pottery found in the region was made locally, although some may have been traded for. Radiocarbon dating of seven sherds from the excavation site provided the basis for the periods. The white-slipped polychrome pottery of the Terminal Classic period at Los Naranjos is "Las Vegas" polychrome, similar to types of "Las Vegas" polychrome at Comayagua. It is in close stylistic relation to sherds from Rivas Papagayo but earlier in date.</p><br>
<h2>The Yde Vessel</h2><br>
<p>A clay vessel that is of particular interest was discovered at Los Naranjos. The vessel, in comparison with other pottery found at the site, is large and extraordinarily decorated. The remaining fragment is 24.4 cm high and the rim appeared to have a diameter of about 23 cm. The decoration of the pottery is in black and red with the base of the vessel being orange. The designs depict "dancing figures" which is a common theme of art from the time period. The figures are seen in a cave. Archaeologist and historians attribute the setting of the cave as part of a common motif, incorporating ideas of the first humans and genesis of humankind. Nielsen and Brady believe that a deity, represented by a crocodilian figure outside the cave, is a symbol of fertility and was believed to preside over the genesis of mankind.</p><br>
<p>In The Couple in the Cave Jesper Nielsen and James E. Brady propose that the people of Los Naranjos may have believed that Lake Yojoa and the Cave of Taulabé were the birthplace of humans. They go on to say that in MesoAmerican cultures, having territory near the birthplace of mankind was invaluable.</p><br>
<h2>Ditches</h2><br>
<p>Interestingly, the site contained two large ditches, one that stretched from Lake Yojoa to a pool just north of an encampment, made during the Jaral phase. The second ditch was probably constructed during the Eden phase. The purpose of the ditches is disputed, however there is evidence to support the idea that they were probably used as a defense mechanism. Another possibility was that they were filled with water, however the bedrock at the bottom of the ditches is seemingly too porous for a water well.</p><br>
<h2>People of Los Naranjos</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Yojoa region of Honduras lies about 80 km from what was defined as a probable boundary of the Maya territories. It is presumed that the people of Los Naranjos spoke Lenca, a language that is indigenous to Honduras and El Salvador. The Lenca language is nearly extinct in modern times and there is a movement to preserve and restore the language, as there are still people of Lenca origin.</p><br>
<p>Baudez and Becquelin found evidence for a hierarchical society at Los Naranjos. Among the buried, there was a varying array of antiquities, some more advanced than others. People having been buried differently suggested to Baudez and Becquelin that a hierarchy may have been in place.</p><br>
<h2>Affiliations with other Mesoamerican cultures</h2><br>
<p>It appears that the people of Los Naranjos had temporal variations in cultural relations with other Mesoamerican societies. Antiquities from the Jaral phase suggest relation with the Olmec. Jade workings and Olmec influenced sherds were present during the time period and trade may have been possible. During the phase Eden II, the pottery of the region had little or no similarities with Tzakol pottery. The region may have been on the periphery of Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples during the Eden phase. Strata from the Late Classic Period, however, revealed that half of the pottery that the people used was of Maya relation. The Maya-related pottery was Polychrome.</p><br>
<p>National Road, also known as Peacock Road, is located off of USA Route 40 between Cambridge and Old Washington, Ohio. The road was placed on the National Register on 1985-08-23.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The National Road was authorized by President Thomas Jefferson on March 29, 1806 and reached out to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The road was later expanded to stretch to Jefferson City, Missouri. The road closely followed Zane&#39;s Trace, an earlier path, and came through the Guernsey County area around 1838.</p><br>
<p>The road currently known as Peacock Road contains original brick sections of 1918 construction. However, due to costs, parts of the road were left unpaved until World War II, when the road was used for war shipment. Local inmates were used as a cost saving method to brick up the sections. When Route 40 was diverted north of this section, the old road was unknowingly saved for posterity.</p><br>
<h2>Peacock Road</h2><br>
<p>Part of the National Road in Center Township retains its early twentieth-century appearance. Virtually no changes have been made since the 1920s, including the pavement; the bricks laid in 1918 remain in place. This section of the road runs approximately east-west between Old Washington and Cambridge, a distance of 5 mi.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel Joseph Taylor House is a historic house in the city of Cambridge, Ohio, United States. It was the home of one of Cambridge&#39;s leading residents in the late nineteenth century, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Joseph Danner Hannaford, it was the home of Joseph Danner Taylor, as well as for his unwavering editorial support of the war when so many men quavered or actively sought to subvert the national struggle.</p><br>
<p>Taylor&#39;s house mixes two related architectural styles, the Queen Anne and the Stick-Eastlake. Built of wood on a stone foundation, the house is topped with a two-part roof: some is slate-covered, while the rest is protected by asphalt. The two-and-a-half-story facade is composed of three distinctive sections: the middle, comprising an elaborate porch with projecting eaves and a smaller sheltered pair of windows on the second story; a plain right side (as seen from the street) with flat walls, a third-floor gable, and a simple window in each story; and a three-story left side dominated by a large bay window on the first and second stories and a prominent overhang on the third. The entire building is covered with a multi-part gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Taylor House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of connection to Joseph Taylor. By that time, it had been converted into a bed and breakfast, the Colonel Taylor Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church is located west of Pleasant City, Ohio on SR 146. The church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 24, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Methodist presence in Guernsey County was localized around what is today Valley Township even before this township was created. The congregation met in the barns of several members until the needs for a church building became evident in the early 19th century. In 1832, John Robins donated a site on the southern side of SR 146 for a church and cemetery. The resulting frame building was used until 1873. Growth in membership caused the building to become too small, and the idea of a new building was discussed. The new site chosen was across the road and construction on the new building began in 1871. The church was finally completed in 1873 in the Romanesque Revival style, reminiscent of the many churches in the New England states. The architect is unknown, but several candidates have been named.</p><br>
<p>The church was remodeled in 1898; worn-out decorations were repaired, and the building was restored to its former glory. The rededication was led by Dr. David H. Moore. After the church moved in 1960 to the city of Cambridge, a community organization, Bethel Community Church, Inc., was formed to protect the building from alteration or destruction, and the East Ohio Annual Conference sold them the building for one dollar. Following this transaction, the church was converted into a community center.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The rectangular red brick structure is located on a shady tree-filled plot. The front facade is three bays wide, with a central projection containing large wooden double doors. Above the doors is a fanlight to allow the morning light to penetrate the building. To either side of the door is a large rectangular stained glass window, designed and shipped from Germany. Above the entrance is a large arched window similar to the lower side windows.</p><br>
<p>The central projection is topped by a bell tower which rests on a dentil cornice. The arched openings of the tower are decorated with wooden fretwork and the original bell rests on its mount; the bell&#39;s mechanism still works. The tower is capped by a spire which once housed a lightning rod, but now ends in a ball.</p><br>
<p>The side facade is lined with four large arched windows similar to the front, also from Germany. The windows are each topped with a sandstone arch with a large projecting keystone.</p><br>
<p>The church was heavily vandalized in 2005, leaving a large hole in the triple mason walls, and all of the windows broken, many beyond recognition. The burdens of maintaining the church as well as repairing the damage are more than can be covered by the current caretaker, so much of the damage is still evident.</p><br>
<p>Trout Lake is one of the largest lakes in Vilas County, Wisconsin. Near the towns of Boulder Junction and Arbor Vitae, Wisconsin, it is known in the area for having good fishing, and a relatively large amount of undeveloped shoreline. Trout Lake is one of the few inland lakes in Wisconsin to host lake trout. The lake has a serious problem with the invasive rusty crayfish however, which has destroyed a lot of fish habitat.</p><br>
<h2>Trout Lake limnology</h2><br>
<p>Trout Lake is one of seven lakes studied at the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER) site. The lake houses a sensor buoy, which feeds data to the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON).</p><br>
<p>Trout Lake is home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison Trout Lake research station, where research on lakes and streams in the area is carried out.</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>According to LTER surveys, 42 species have been found in Trout Lake including:</p><br>
<p>Bowfin</p><br>
<p>Trout-perch</p><br>
<p>Lake trout</p><br>
<p>Lake whitefish</p><br>
<p>Cisco (fish)</p><br>
<p>Northern pike</p><br>
<p>Muskellunge</p><br>
<p>Burbot</p><br>
<p>Largemouth bass</p><br>
<p>Smallmouth bass</p><br>
<p>Rock bass</p><br>
<p>Bluegill</p><br>
<p>Yellow perch</p><br>
<p>Walleye</p><br>
<p>Michigan Boulevard Garden Apartments  is a large apartment building located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is located at East 47th Street and South Michigan Avenue, just one block east of the former Chicago Housing Authority&#39;s Robert Taylor Homes site. In total, the building is made up of 421 apartments and it was originally built as non-governmental subsidized housing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1929 by philanthropist Julius Rosenwald, then president of Sears, Roebuck & Company. The housing project was modeled after the Dunbar Apartments built by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., in 1926 in Harlem, New York City. Michigan Boulevard Garden Apartments received National Register of Historic Places designation in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Building Uses</h2><br>
<p>In 2010, filming for the 2011 film Transformers: Dark of the Moon was done on site. In the movie, the apartments doubled as part of the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, a complete renovation of the building, which had been added to the National Register of Historic Places, began. The last residents had moved out 15 years earlier. When complete, the building will hold a mixture of senior citizen apartments and affordable housing for families.</p><br>
<p>Lefort  was a ship of the line of the Imperial Russian Navy.</p><br>
<p>Lefort was a ship of the line of the Imperatritsa Aleksandra (Empress Alexandra) class, rated at 84 guns but actually armed with 94 guns. Her keel was laid in 1833 at Saint Petersburg and she was launched in the presence of Nicholas I. She was named after Admiral Franz Lefort, chief of the Russian Navy from 1695-1696.</p><br>
<p>Upon commissioning she joined the Russian Baltic Fleet. During the Crimean War in 1854 she aided in the defence of Kronstadt against a Franco-British fleet but did not see combat.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of, the Lefort was in the Gulf of Finland en route from Reval (present day Tallinn, Estonia) to Kronstadt along with the ships Imperatritsa Aleksandra, Vladimir, and Pamiat Asova, under the command of Rear-Admiral I. Nordman. The ship had on board 756 crew and officers, 53 women, and 17 children (families of the crew). The squadron was caught in a sudden squall and the Lefort heeled over once, righted herself, then heeled over again and sank between the islands of Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters, five and a half nautical miles north-northeast of Bolshoy Tyuters, with the loss of all 826 people on board. The foreign press however reported that one sailor had been saved by holding on to a beam and floating to Gogland. In all the storm on the night wrecked about 30 ships on the Russian Baltic coast.</p><br>
<p>A board of inquiry investigating the disaster recognized as the most probable cause of the accident the weakening of the ship ties caused by the fact that in 1856 the ship twice been used as transport for the carriage of heavy loads on the gun decks. It also alleged that the ship&#39;s hull had not been caulked adequately and the cargo load was too small, and incorrectly arranged. In addition, it was speculated that the gun ports had been left open to provide fresh air for the passengers; this may have contributed to the sinking of the ship as water could have poured in through the open ports when the ship first heeled over.</p><br>
<p>The wreck of Lefort was found between the islands of Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters on 4 May 2013.</p><br>
<p>Härjapea  was a river in Tallinn, Estonia. The river was a few kilometres in length, flowing from Lake Ülemiste into the Tallinn Bay.</p><br>
<p>Härjapea was one of the most exploited rivers in Estonia in the Middle Ages. First, watermills were constructed in the 13th century. A map from the end of the 17th century depicts 8 mills on the river, some of which later became the basis for larger industries. Due to the growth of industry in the 19th century, the river became increasingly polluted and was already then partly covered. In 1923 it was covered with planks and in 1938 the construction of an underground sewage pipe was completed in place of the river, which was around 4.5 km in length at the time.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays the course of the river is recognizable in some places, otherwise little else remains of it. The underground sewage channel is still operational.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy Stone House is located in Salt Fork State Park in Guernsey County, Ohio. The house and surrounding structures were placed on the National Register on October 3, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1837, Irish native Benjamin Kennedy bought 80 acre of land from Solomon Sturgis, who had obtained it as a land grant for military service. Kennedy appears to have arranged for construction almost immediately after buying the land; stone was used for the walls, and slate covers the roof. Kennedys descendants owned and inhabited the house for more than a century; the state government bought the land in 1942, but Kennedys were permitted to continue living in the house. When Salt Fork State Park was being developed, the house could no longer be inhabited, and its final resident, Benjamins great-great-grandson Don Kennedy, moved out in 1966.</p><br>
<p>In 1975 it was placed on the National Register and remained in its abandoned state. The roof was damaged during a storm when a tree branch fell through the roof, but the parks crew replaced it. This started a movement to fix the house and it was named the Guernsey County Bicentennial Commission Legacy Program. Local volunteers cleaned up the area and soon transformed themselves into Friends for the Restoration of The Kennedy Stone House. Major restoration was done from 2000–2002.</p><br>
<p>The organization transformed itself into the Friends of the Kennedy Stone House Salt Fork State Park and maintains the house as a museum. One of the programs the organization performs is the docent program, where retirees or history students from Muskingum College occupy a cabin above the stone house and are charged as caretakers to the property.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The stone house contains a central door reached by a flight of stairs and a small porch. The porch was once covered over during the Victorian era and contained columns and a balcony. To either side of the door are two rectangular windows. The second floor contains five windows in line over the first floor windows. The gabled roof is pierced at either end by a large stone chimney.</p><br>
<p>The house being only one room deep meant during the familys growth a new addition would be made. A two-story wooden-frame wing was added to the rear of the building and contained the summer kitchen and several bedrooms. This addition would not last and todays reconstruction only includes the summer kitchen.</p><br>
<p>A root cellar is located to the right of the house and built of thick stone blocks. The sides of the cellar are lined with dirt and plants to allow for cooler internal temperatures. The ceiling is penetrated by two diamond-shaped holes for ventilation and light. The well is now covered over and a natural spring has been capped.</p><br>
<p>The Broom-Braden Stone House is a historic residence located near the city of Cambridge in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. Home to a prominent early citizen of the area, it is one of Guernsey County&#39;s best early houses still in existence, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1832, the Broom-Braden House was originally home to the Broom family, a leading family in the early years of Guernsey County. Hugh Broom, the paterfamilias, occupied multiple prominent places in area society. As a religious leader, he was long the pastor of the Baptist church in Cambridge, and during the 1840s, he helped to found other churches in the surrounding countryside. As a farmer, he both tilled the soil and raised livestock, and by 1840 his estate was among the areas largest, embracing 400 acre in Cambridge Township and additional lands in surrounding townships. In 1858, he was elected as one of Guernsey Countys two state representatives.</p><br>
<p>He arranged for the construction of the present house in 1832, and detail to parts of the stonework were far more attentive than what then and currently are found. The windowsills and other parts of its façade are of careful hand-chisel work. Yet, the overall massing of the structure is unexceptional; one and a half stories tall, the house is a simple rectangle with an ordinary gabled roof. Small curved dormer windows are set within the roof, while each end of the roofline is pierced by a large chimney. Its location on sloping land causes the front and rear to sit at slightly different elevations, while the nearly windowless sides are placed along the slopes. The overall building is constructed primarily of sandstone, although brick elements are also present.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, as it approached its sesquicentenary, the Broom-Braden House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified both because of its connection to Hugh Broom and because of its historically significant architecture, for it is one of Guernsey County&#39;s last standing early stone houses. Six agricultural outbuildings were included in the historic designation, the boundaries of which embraced 5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Harper Stone House is a historic residence in rural Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. A traditional building constructed in the 1840s by a well-known local builder, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The first resident of the house, Samuel Harper, was an ancestor of founding University of Chicago president William Rainey Harper, although the latter man was never associated with his forefather&#39;s house. Construction was performed in 1841 by Norwich resident Archibald Boal, who gained the reputation of a master stonemason through his work on buildings such as the Harper House.</p><br>
<p>Constructed of sandstone on a foundation of another kind of stone, the Harper House is typical of the once-common vernacular building form known as the I-house. The two-story interior is built around a central hallway on each floor, with rooms on either side. The façade is a simple rectangle, with narrow sides rising to gables and a wider five-bay façade. A chimney pierces the roofline at either end, while the façade features openings in each bay of each story; all are windows except the center of the first story, in which the main entrance is placed. The building is exceedingly simple, with virtually no ornamentation; the sole exception is slight decoration above the main entrance on the lintel. Assorted farm-related outbuildings surround the house, which predates all of the outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Harper House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. The same designation was granted on the same day to the James Hunter Stone House near Adamsville to the west, another building constructed by Archibald Boal.</p><br>
<p>The Vanmeter Stone House and Outbuildings are a historic farmstead located near Piketon in rural Pike County, Ohio, United States. Established in the early 19th century, the farm has been operated for nearly two centuries by the same family, including a prominent politician. Its inhabitants have pioneered forestry in the region and preserved the original buildings to such an extent that they have been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Isaac Vanmeter bought the present property in 1801 from Piketons founder, a Mr. Guthrie. Vanmeter soon returned to his home in Virginia, giving the land to his son John after the younger Vanmeter completed his undergraduate studies in the East. He later headed westward and settled at the present farmstead, at which the house had been built in 1823. Besides raising livestock and growing a range of crops, Vanmeter was active in politics, serving a term in the United States House of Representatives. Although he moved out of the house in 1856, his family remained in the house; by the 1970s, its residents were the sixth generation of Vanmeters living at the property. Rather than employing the entire property as pasture or crop fields, the family maintained some lands for unusual purposes. As late as the 1890s, the farm extended well to the northeast; the twin Piketon Mounds were part of the property. Meanwhile, the family cut only some trees instead of cutting all down; this unusual decision soon enabled them to begin operating one of Ohios earliest tree farms.</p><br>
<p>Vanmeters house is a simple sandstone and brick I-house featuring details of wood and stone. Covered by a gabled roof with two chimneys, the two-story house has a three-bay front with its main entrance centered amid two windows on the first story and three on the second. No windows are placed in the sides, which are substantially narrower than the front and rear. Typical of southern Ohios early stone farmhouses, the property still retains some of its early outbuildings as well as the house. In 1975, the house and historic outbuildings were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of their historically significant architecture; the complex is one of eight National-Register listed locations in Pike County. Four years after the farmstead was designated, a similar honor was given to the Vanmeter Church Street House in Chillicothe to the north, where John Vanmeter moved after leaving his Pike County home.</p><br>
<p>Rose Glen was an antebellum plantation in Sevier County, in the USA state of Tennessee. At its height, Rose Glen was one of the largest and most lucrative farms in Sevier County, and one of the most productive in East Tennessee. While the farm is no longer operational, the plantation house and several outbuildings&mdash; including a physician&#39;s office, loom house, and double-cantilever barn&mdash; have survived intact, and have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Rose Glen was established in the late 1840s by Dr. Robert Hatton Hodsden (1806&ndash;1864), a Sevier County physician and politician who by 1860 had become one of the county&#39;s wealthiest individuals. Hodsden was an attending physician for the Cherokee Removal (commonly called the Trail of Tears) in the late 1830s, and between 1841 and 1845, he represented Blount County in the Tennessee state legislature. Although he was a slave owner, Hodsden was staunchly pro-Union during the American Civil War, and was a member of the Sevier County delegation at the East Tennessee Convention in Greeneville in 1861.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Rose Glen is located at the junction of State Highway 416 (Pittman Center Road) and Old Newport Highway, a few miles east of Sevierville near the Harrisburg community. The house lot and surrounding land (much of which is still undeveloped) are situated on the east bank of the Middle Fork of the Little Pigeon River, about a half-mile south of the river&#39;s strategic confluence with the East Fork to form the Little Pigeon River proper. The house lot is across the street from the Walters State Sevier County Campus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Robert Hodsden biography</h3><br>
<p>Born in Smithfield, Virginia in 1806, Robert Hodsden initially worked as a tailor in various cities across the country before he decided to study medicine. After obtaining his medical degree from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1833, Hodsden joined the practice of James Gillespie in Maryville, Tennessee. He married his first wife, Elizabeth Hook (d. 1842), in 1832. In 1838, Hodsden was appointed attending physician for the Cherokee Removal, known commonly as the "Trail of Tears." A member of the Whig Party, Hodsden was elected to the Tennessee state legislature in 1841, where he represented Blount County for four years. In 1843, after the death of his first wife, Hodsden married a widow, Mary Brabson-Shields (1818&ndash;1888), whose father, John Brabson, had established the Brabsons Ferry Plantation at Boyds Creek, and had given his daughter what is now Rose Glen as a gift for her first wedding. Hodsden and Brabson-Shields initially resided in Maryville, but eventually moved to Rose Glen, where they completed the current plantation house and villa in 1850. In the decade after the completion of Rose Glen, Hodsden served as the first president of the East Tennessee Medical Society and helped establish Sevier Countys first masonic society.</p><br>
<p>Although he was a slave owner, and in spite of being married into the pro-secession Brabson family, Hodsden remained a staunch Union supporter throughout the Civil War. He represented Sevier County at the East Tennessee Union Convention in June 1861, and in November of that year was imprisoned after Confederate authorities accused him of aiding Unionist guerillas in the destruction of several railroad bridges across the Tennessee Valley. Hodsden was eventually released, however, and returned to Rose Glen, where died of heart failure on June 18, 1864. In spite of the rift the war had created between Hodsden and his in-laws, Hodsden was buried in the Brabson Cemetery at Brabson&#39;s Ferry Plantation.</p><br>
<h3>Rose Glen</h3><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, what is now Rose Glen was part of a farm known simply as the "Bush place," which had been established by early settler George Bush. By the 1830s, John Brabson had become owner of the Bush place, and when Brabson&#39;s daughter, Mary, married David Shields in 1837, Brabson gave them the Bush place as a wedding gift. Shields built a house at the Bush farm, which he called "Rose Glen," but died suddenly in 1839. In 1843, Mary Brabson-Shields married Robert Hodsden, and Hodsden thus assumed ownership of the Bush place. In 1846, Hodsden and his wife began building the present house and villa at Rose Glen, which they completed in 1850.</p><br>
<p>By 1860, Rose Glen had grown to 2,377 acre worth $28,000, making it by far the most valuable farm in Sevier County. Livestock at Rose Glen included fourteen horses, thirty-seven cattle, sixty-seven sheep, four oxen, and one-hundred eighty hogs. Hodsden and fifteen slaves produced 3,400 bushels of oats, 360 bushels of wheat, 50 bushels of sweet potatoes, 18 tons of hay, 100 pounds of wool, 300 gallons of molasses, and over 3,000 pounds of butter. Rose Glen&#39;s 1,200 pounds of rice was one of the largest rice crops in East Tennessee. The plantation also had a small winery.</p><br>
<p>On January 27, 1864, Rose Glen was a strategic point in a skirmish known as the Battle of Fair Garden, fought between Union forces led by Colonel Edward McCook and Confederate forces led by Major-General William Martin (Martin was helping to cover James Longstreets retreat after the Siege of Knoxville). In 1873, Abraham Jackson Hicks (1841&ndash;1903) took control of Rose Glen when he married Hodsdens daughter, Mary Pasteur Hodsden (1854&ndash;1942). After Hicks&#39; death, Rose Glen passed to eldest his son, John Hodsden Hicks (1874&ndash;1948).</p><br>
<h2>Historical structures at Rose Glen</h2><br>
<h3>Rose Glen house</h3><br>
<p>Historian Robbie Jones called the house at Rose Glen the "most impressive antebellum house ever constructed in Sevier County." The house is a tripartite Greek Revival home consisting of a two-story central block flanked by one-story wings. The front facade of the central block includes a recessed portico supported by square Doric columns. Enclosed porches are located on both sides of the rear of the central block. The house rests on a mostly limestone foundation, although the west wing rests on a brick foundation (possibly left over from the earlier Shields house). A split-run staircase in one of the rear porches provides access to the second story of the central block, which contains three bedrooms. The house has three cellars, one of which (under the central block) was used as a kitchen, and has three brick chimneys with post-and-lintel mantels.</p><br>
<p>The design of Rose Glen was modeled after architect Minard Lafevers "Design for a Country Villa," which appeared in both Lafevers Modern Builders Guide (1833) and Beauties of Modern Architecture (1835). The design called for a "five-part" villa, consisting of the central block and two wings, and two symmetrically-placed outbuildings aligned with the house&#39;s northeast and northwest corners. At Rose Glen, these two outbuildings&mdash; which were used as an office and a loom house&mdash; were connected to the main house by flower-lined walkways. The loom house and office have designs that match the house, with the same weatherboarding and brick chimneys. A rose garden was maintained in the space between the outbuildings and the main house.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Along with the loom house and Hodsdens office, which were built as part of the "country villa," surviving outbuildings at Rose Glen include a double-cantilever barn, smokehouse, springhouse/wellhouse, a hay barn, a concrete silo, and an outhouse. Hodsden added the smokehouse, Hodsdens son-in-law Abraham Hicks probably built the springhouse and double-cantilever barn, and Hodsden&#39;s grandson John Hodsden Hicks added the corn crib, silo, and rack-sided barn.</p><br>
<p>The smokehouse, constructed around 1850, is built of hewn logs and is accessed by a board and batten door with iron hinges. The double-cantilever barn, built late-19th century, is a double-pen barn retaining much of its original cantilevered form, although a tractor shed was later added to the barn. The hay barn, located across the street from the main house lot, is a rack-sided barn with a gambrel roof, built in the 1920s. With the exception of the smokehouse, all the outbuildings are frame structures.</p><br>
<p>Le Mormont is a hill in the Swiss canton of Vaud, rising to an elevation of 605 metres, with a prominence of about 115 metres. It is part of the Éclépens municipality. The name is first recorded in AD 814, as Mauromonte. It is derived from the Roman-era personal name Maurus.</p><br>
<p>Hermann Gröhler, Über ursprung und bedeutung der französischen ortsnamen von Hermann Gröhler C. Winter, 1933, p. 336 (citing Förstemann). For speculation on an alternative (Celtic or Germanic) derivation, see Gilbert Künzi, Charles Kraege, Montagnes romandes: à lassaut de leur nom: étude étymologique des noms de montagnes de Suisse romande, Archives vivantes romandes, Editions Cabedita, 2001,</p><br>
<p>Le Mormont is about halfway between lakes Neuchatel and Geneva, forming a watershed between the Rhine and the Rhone basins, separating the Venoge and the Orbe valleys to the south and north, respectively. The mountain is topographically connected to the Jura Mountains to the west. East of Le Mormont runs the Entreroches gorge (460 m), through which the Canal d’Entreroches was dug in the 17th century, enabling water transportation between the Rhone and the Rhine rivers. The canal ceased to be profitable in the 18th century, and when a bridge across the canal collapsed in 1829, it was shut down altogether.</p><br>
<p>The course of the historical canal is now traversed by a railway tunnel of the Lausanne-Yverdon line.</p><br>
<p>Le Mormont has been substantially mined for chalk used in cement production.</p><br>
<p>It was planned to extend the mining pit to the hill&#39;s summit in 2006 to 2009; because of this, the cantonal archaeological office of Vaud performed a watching brief excavation, which led to the discovery of a late La Tène period (c. 100 BC) Helvetic cult site.</p><br>
<p>The site was reported as being of unprecedented size and richness for the period. A total of 250 pits containing sacrificial deposits were recorded. Among the deposited goods were ceramic and bronze vessels, iron tools, jewelry, grinding stones, coins, and both animal and human remains.</p><br>
<p>It is unclear whether the human remains represent a cemetery or evidence of human sacrifice.</p><br>
<p>The site is of primary importance for Gaulish religion on the eve of the Roman conquest.</p><br>
<p>Because of the importance of the archaeological site, the mining operation has been put on hold until a more detailed archaeological excavation scheduled for 2014/15.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Carpenter house is the oldest and best preserved Prairie Style house in Stroud, Lincoln County, Oklahoma. It was erected at 204 West 6th Street in 1913 as the residence of Joseph R. and Lovenia  Carpenter.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>A -story structure, it features a hipped roof with a combination of stucco and wood clapboard siding for the exterior walls. A single story hipped-roof porch runs across the front of the home. The building possesses a multitude of other prairie-style elements and retains a high degree of architectural integrity. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 26, 1986, as</p><br>
<p>NR ID Number 86002346.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Carpenter was a successful businessman, accumulating considerable wealth as a merchant of farm implements and hardware, which made him financially able to hire an architect from Kansas City to design his new home. As one of the largest homes in Stroud, it reflected Carpenters importance as a commercial leader in the city. A factor in the house retaining its architectural integrity is the care given it by Josephs son and daughter-in-law Paul F. and Ruth (Riley) Carpenter, who resided in the home through 1986 when it was placed on the National Historic Register.</p><br>
<p>Brookside Museum, sometimes known as the Aldridge House, is located on the western edge of downtown Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is a wooden house built in the 1790s, one of the oldest in the village, but modified since then.</p><br>
<p>It was originally used as an inn for visitors to the spring waters that gave the village its name, very near its location. The inn had several famous guests; for example, James Fenimore Cooper is said to have written some of The Last of the Mohicans during his stay. The building has been a boys&#39; school, a private residence, a boarding house, a sanatorium, and apartments. In 1970, the Saratoga County Historical Society purchased the building and opened it as a museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1975 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first of four properties in the village to be listed.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>It is located on the triangular 1.5 acre lot where Front Street splits into Charlton and Fairground avenues. The land to the west is wooded, with a small creek flowing north-south across the land. There are some other residences in the area. Downtown Ballston Spa is to the east along Front Street. There is a small dirt parking area on the south side.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a two-and-a-half–story, five-by-nine-bay building constructed in stages. The main block in front accounts for three of the lengthwise bays. On the rear is a long extension half the width of the front block, with a two-story shed-roofed section on its own rear.</p><br>
<p>It is a frame building on a fieldstone foundation sided in clapboard. The steeply pitched gabled roof is covered in cedar shingles pierced by three dormer windows and two brick chimneys at the ends. The two rear sections are covered in asphalt shingles.</p><br>
<p>Four square pillars support the full-height front porch. Inside, there is little original hardware or woodwork. The staircase, which has simple brackets and a railing with narrow balusters and turned newels, dates to 1860. The framing here is hand-hewn, and the ceilings are low.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local Indian tribes had long known of the benefits of the spring and its naturally carbonated waters. In 1767, they shared it with Sir William Johnson, the British general who had led troops in the region during King George&#39;s War and later the French and Indian War. At the time the nearest European settlement was at Ballston Lake.</p><br>
<p>Later visitors included a team surveying the Kayaderosseras Patent, George Washington and Elkanah Watson. They all spoke and wrote of the curative powers of the spring. After the Revolutionary War, Benajah Douglas, grandfather of Stephen A. Douglas, bought a hundred acres (40 ha) on the west side of the creek opposite the spring to take advantage of the growing tourist trade.</p><br>
<p>He built a rudimentary log cabin on the site of the present house, the only dry clearing in an otherwise swampy area, where visitors had been camping since Indian times. Later a separate cottage was built for housekeeping.</p><br>
<p>In 1791, another entrepreneur, Micajah Benedict, built a more luxurious guest house a mile (1.6 km) away. Douglas responded by building the main block of the current structure two years later. It had a columned piazza, though not the current one. He was so successful that others built in the vicinity, beginning the development of Ballston Spa.</p><br>
<p>Johnson reaped the benefits of his investment and sold to a Joseph Wescot two years later. He, in turn, sold to Josiah Aldridge in 1798. During nearly four decades of ownership, Aldridge would change not only the house but the growing village, which incorporated in 1807.</p><br>
<p>On the house, he built the rear wing and a north wing (since removed and rebuilt as a residence) with a ballroom. He replaced the piazza with the current colonnade, adding a Greek Revival touch to a mostly Georgian-Federal building. He reworked the inside heavily. And as a trustee of the new village, he worked to improve the area around the spring.</p><br>
<p>Later in his life, in 1835, the spring finally failed, probably because of the many new ones that had been dug in the area. The next year, Aldridge&#39;s family sold the house. Ten years later, in 1846, its owners began to use it as a full-time residence exclusively, ending its days as a hotel. The next year, a new spring was dug just north of the house. It was called the Old Iron Spring, and continues to flow today.</p><br>
<p>By that time Saratoga Springs, a short distance to the north, had begun to become a bigger attraction for bathers, offering other recreational facilities and thoroughbred horse racing. Ballston Spa&#39;s economy switched to industry, with a number of small textile mills opening up in the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1859, with the Civil War looming, Brookside became a military academy. In 1864, with peace in the offing, it reverted to residential use, first as a single-family residence and later as an apartment house. It was eventually acquired by the Saratoga County Historical Society for use both as a historic house museum and its own headquarters. In addition to exhibits on its own history the museum holds craft classes and hosts an annual Oktoberfest fundraiser</p><br>
<p>Harmon Cobblestone Farmhouse and Cobblestone Smokehouse is a historic home located at Phelps in Ontario County, New York. The farmhouse was constructed in 1842 and is an example of vernacular Greek Revival style, cobblestone domestic architecture. The house consists of a 2-story, three-bay side-hall main block with a -story north wing and 1-story east wing. The exterior walls are built primarily of small, red, oval, lake washed cobbles. Also on the property is a smokehouse built of both red, lake washed cobbles and irregular field cobbles. They are among the approximately 101 cobblestone buildings in Ontario County and 26 in the village and town of Phelps.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Kingman County Courthouse, located at 130 Spruce Street in Kingman, Kansas, is an historic 3-story redbrick courthouse building set on a ground-floor basement of rough-faced white limestone. The stairway and entrance portico leading to the main entrance are of the same limestone. Its roof is basically hipped with gables in the middle of each side, pyramids on each corner and an octagonal shaped cupola rising from the center. Built in 1907-08 for Kingman County, it is one of 15 courthouses  designed by noted architect George P. Washburn of Ottawa, Kansas. His design for this building has been called a mixture of Late Victorian, Romanesque, Free Classical and Queen Anne architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>On September 11, 1985, the Kingman County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, also known as Conewago Chapel, is a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus located in Conewago Township, Pennsylvania. The church is under the circumscription of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Harrisburg.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Basilica was built between 1785 and 1787, and is constructed of brownstone with three-feet thick walls. It measures 2 1/2-stories high, three bays wide and five bays deep. It features a Federal style entrance with a semi-circular arched doorway and an 80-feet high spire, added in 1873. Attached to the chapel is a three-story rectory, also built in 1787. It is the oldest Roman Catholic church constructed of stone in the United States. Prince Gallitzin spent the first five years of his priesthood at Conewago Chapel from 1795 to 1799.</p><br>
<p>It was decreed a minor basilica on June 30, 1962. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Alaska Trade Building, also known as the Union Record Building and the Steele Building, is a historic building in Seattle, Washington located on First Avenue near the Pike Place Market. Built in 1909, it was one of the first reinforced steel, concrete and brick buildings in the area and was advertised as being completely fireproof. The building is historically associated with the country&#39;s only Union-owned daily newspaper, The Seattle Union Record and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Alaska Trade Building was built by contractor James Steele in 1909 replacing a two-story wooden building known as the Rose Block that pre-dated the Great Seattle fire. It was designed by Seattle architect J.C. Taft in a very utilitarian style with almost no ornamentation. Original plans for the building published in the Seattle Times called for an eight-story building trimmed in Granite and Terra cotta that would cost $135,000 to build but only the first four floors were ever built. In late 1910, the unfinished building was purchased from Steele by Portland, Oregon developers J.O. Storey and Thomas Lavake. The building was purchased by the Central Labor Council and the local Trade Union in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The Seattle Union Record was established as a weekly paper in 1910 by the Central Labor Council. The councils secretary, E.B. "Harry" Ault, became editor in 1912 and would expand the paper to a daily in 1918. Under Aults leadership, the paper grew from a circulation of 3,000 to 50,000 to over 112,000 in 1919. Seeking larger quarters, the paper was moved into the Alaska Trade Building in 1921.</p><br>
<p>When Dave Beck took control of the Central Labor Council, he sold the paper to Ault in 1924. The paper ceased publication in 1928 but would see a brief resurrection during the Seattle Times and Seattle Post-Intelligencer strikes in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s third floor is currently home to the office of Ecotope, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Wheatlands is an antebellum plantation in Sevier County, in the USA state of Tennessee. The plantation&#39;s surviving structures&mdash; which include the plantation house, a storage shed, and smokehouse&mdash; have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation house has been called "the best example of a Federal-style building remaining in Sevier County."</p><br>
<p>Wheatlands, named after its large annual wheat crop, was established as a family farm by Revolutionary War veteran Timothy Chandler in 1791. Chandlers son, John Chandler (1786&ndash;1875), inherited Wheatlands in 1819, and under his direction the plantation grew to become one of Sevier Countys largest farms, covering 3,700 acre by 1850. Chandler&#39;s freed slaves inherited part of Wheatlands in 1875, and formed the Chandler Gap community in the hills south of the plantation.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Wheatlands is located at the corner of State Highway 338 (Boyds Creek Highway, sometimes called Old Knoxville Highway) and Cedar Springs Valley Road in the Boyds Creek community, about halfway between Sevierville and Seymour. The plantation was situated along the banks of Boyds Creek, which empties into the French Broad River at the Brabsons Ferry Plantation about a mile to the east. This gave Wheatlands access to the nations interior waterways, allowing this shipment of its "Wheat Whiskey" to New Orleans.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>State Highway 338 roughly follows what was once a section of the 18th-century Native American trail known as the Great Indian Warpath. In 1780, John Sevier followed the path across the French Broad River to engage and defeat a Cherokee force at the Battle of Boyds Creek, which took place at the future site of Wheatlands. Early settlers also followed the trail into the Boyds Creek area, among them Timothy Chandler, a Revolutionary War veteran from Virginia, who moved his family to Boyd&#39;s Creek in 1791.</p><br>
<p>After Timothy Chandler died in 1819, his son, John Chandler, inherited the familys Boyds Creek farm. The original Chandler farmhouse burned in 1823, and John Chandler built the present plantation house at the site to replace it. By 1850, Wheatlands had become one of the largest farms in Sevier County, covering some 4,600 acre worth $7,000 (US$ in present terms), and included fifteen horses, ten mules, forty cattle, fifty sheep, and three hundred hogs. Chandler and fourteen slaves produced 3,000 bushels of corn, 400 bushels of oats, 200 bushels of sweet potatoes, 12 bushels of buckwheat, 10 tons of hay, 150 pounds of wool, 200 pounds of butter, and 200 gallons of honey. The plantation&#39;s distillery produced 6,000 gallons of whiskey, worth $4,500.(US$ in present terms).</p><br>
<p>Wheatlands was used as Winter Quarters for the Union by Tenth Regiment Cavalry out of Michigan and the 8th division from Western Pennsylvania. They ran raids into Sevierville, Gatlinburg and Newport. They sent troops to the Brabson Plantation and took over their Ferry and occupied Bartley Chandler&#39;s home in Sevierville as a prison. Two cannons were sent to "Battle of Fair Garden" and shot over the Rose Glen Plantation.</p><br>
<p>When Southern slaves were emancipated during the American Civil War (1861&ndash;1865), Chandler started paying his freed slaves to remain at Wheatlands. Upon his death in 1875, Chandler left his former slaves a portion of land along the south side of Wheatlands known as Chandler Gap. The Chandler Gap community remained a predominantly African-American community well into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, three Pigeon Forge businessmen purchased Wheatlands, and announced plans to restore the house, and possibly re-establish a distillery on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Historical structures</h2><br>
<p>Original structures at Wheatlands include the mansion house (rebuilt around 1825 after a fire), a smokehouse, the summer kitchen with dining hall, and loom house. A second storage shed and barn have been added more recently. The distillery burned in the late 1930s. The original house, made of clapboard with a large front porch, burned in 1824, and was rebuilt in 1825. Wheatlands is a 2-story, 5-bay brick house with a 1.5-story kitchen and dining room wing attached to the rear to form an "L" shape. The house is designed in the Federal style, although a Queen Anne-style front porch was added as well as Queen Anne Windows in 1889. The brickwork on the house&#39;s front facade uses a Flemish bond, and the brickwork on the sides and rear uses common bond. A brick cornice encircles the house.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house retains most of its original design elements, which include hand-planed railings and windows. The mantel designs were based on Adamesque models in patternbooks, and include hand-carved details and entablatures. The house is based on a central floor plan, rather than a parlor hall floor plan which was more typical of the period.</p><br>
<p>A frame storage shed built sometime around 1825 still stands a few feet behind the house. The shed, which has beaded weatherboarding, may have once housed a distillery, an ice house, or a loom house. The smokehouse at Wheatlands dates to the first half of the 19th century, and is constructed of hewn logs with a board and batten door.</p><br>
<p>Seahpo Peak is a subsidiary peak of Mount Shuksan, which rises in the USA state of Washington. It is located about 2 mi east of the main peak of Shuksan and rises to about 7,441 ft. It is located in North Cascades National Park and is part of the North Cascades range.</p><br>
<p>Connected to the main peak by the roughly 7,000 ft-high Jagged Ridge, Seahpo Peak stands to the north at the headwaters of a headstream of Sulphide Creek, a tributary of the Baker River. Several waterfalls tumble off its flanks, including Seahpo Peak Falls and Cloudcap Falls. (Seahpo Peak is sometimes referred to as Cloudcap Peak.) The mountain is also on the south side of the Nooksack Cirque, which forms the headwaters of the Nooksack River. It is bordered by the East Nooksack Glacier to the north and a few smaller unnamed glaciers to the south. It is also connected to Icy Peak by another unnamed ridge.</p><br>
<p>The mountain derives its name from a French word, chapeau, meaning "hat".</p><br>
<p>The McAlester House is an historic house located at 14 East Smith Avenue in McAlester, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Named for its builder and first owner, the colorful J. J. McAlester, for whom McAlester was named, it began in 1870 as a four-room log house in what was then Indian Territory. J. J. McAlester later surrounded the log structure with a single-story house and also built a much larger two-story Queen Anne style house joined by a breezeway to the smaller structure. Its furnishings, many of which remain to this day, reflected the prosperity and position that the McAlester family enjoyed in the community. The building was renovated in 1960 by J. L. McAlester, grandson of J. J. McAlester. In 1980, McAlester House was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s, it was bought by its present owners who have continued the work of renovation and preservation. The house was featured in 2008 in a segment of the HGTV channel&#39;s If Walls Could Talk program. The segment continues on HGTV reruns and has been rebroadcast as recently as September 22, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Jossen House, also known as the World Trade Building, is a historic house in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The -story, brick, Queen Anne–style structure was built in 1906 for Joseph Jossen. Jossen was the local agent for the F.W. Cook Brewing Company, a beer brewing company based out of Evansville, Indiana. The Mobile distribution branch was established by him at 19 South Commerce Street in 1884. Additionally, Jossen was involved in the general liquor trade. In later years the house was adapted for reuse as the local international trade center. During this period the front porch was infilled and a two-story stuccoed addition was added to the rear elevation. As of 2009, the building was occupied by a title insurance company. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1992.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Island is an island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of Contra Costa County, California, approximately 10 km east of Antioch. The island describes itself as "the heart of the California Delta." The population at the 2010 census was 2,137, a 7.6 percent decline from 2,312 at the 2000 census.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bethel Island, which was named after the Bethell Brothers, Frank and Warren Bethell, who formed the first successful farm on the island, called Sand Mound Ranch. Frank Bethell was appointed postmaster of the first post office, however, a pious clerk at the USA Postal office did not want the name "Bet Hell" and dropped the additional "L" to make it "Bethel" Hebrew term בית אל beth el, which translates to "House of God," is known for its recreational activities. The islands reputation as such began in 1930, with Blanche and Jack Farrar founding a park with swimming, picnicking and other outdoor activities. This park would eventually be called Farrar Park. Remsburg Marina was started by Warren Remsburg in 1938, and in 1944 a fishing resort called Franks had gained popularity on the island. The resort was built by the Andronico family. By the 1950s the area became popular with sport fishermen and the rich. Frank Bethell and Warren Bethell&#39;s widow, Ann Youree (Hamilton) Bethell sold their interest in the island in 1901. Ann went on to form a successful ranch in Almaden Valley and established the Bethell Block in downtown San Jose (site of the current Federal Building).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Bethel Island, California, is located in East Contra Costa County. It is one of the western islands within the California Delta region. The 1,450 hectare island is bounded on the west and northwest by Taylor Slough, on the north and east by Piper Slough, on the southeast by Sand Mound Slough, on the east by Frank&#39;s Tract, and on the southwest by Dutch Slough. The island is approximately 3,500 acres in size.</p><br>
<h2>Governance</h2><br>
<p>The Bethel Island Municipal Improvement District (BIMID) has five directors, elected from the local community. They are responsible primarily for maintaining the levee around the island. They also have responsibilities for water supply and drainage; parks and playgrounds; and the local airports.</p><br>
<p>As of January 2012, the Directors are:</p><br>
<p>President Daniel Phippen (Appointed - Term Expires 12/2014)</p><br>
<p>Vice President Marguerite Lawry (Elected - Term Expires 12/2014)</p><br>
<p>Jeff Rocca (Elected - Term Expires 12/2012)</p><br>
<p>Dennis Eisenbeis (Elected - Term Expires 12/2012)</p><br>
<p>Anthony Berzinas (Appointed - Term Expires 12/2012).</p><br>
<p>BIMID was created by the California State Legislature in 1960, replacing Reclamation District No. 1619. BIMID owns 100 acres of land in the center of the island between Bethel Island Road and Piper Road. Appromiately 85 acres is used for sourcing sand to maintain the levee; plus approximately 15 acres used to plant new trees to mitigate for tree removal elsewhere on the island.</p><br>
<p>The BIMID property on Stone Road consists of the District offices, a meeting room and a small equipment yard.</p><br>
<h2>Amenities</h2><br>
<p>The island is mostly below sea level, with an 14.9 mile perimeter levee.</p><br>
<p>The area is home to approximately 3,700 people, with 1,300 residential houses on the island, plus four mobile home parks, 13 commercial marinas, a commercial business area and agricultural land.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Bethel Island Golf Course designed by Bob Baldock, is home to Bethel Island Men&#39;s Golf Club, which is affiliated to Northern California Golf Association (NCGA) and offers official USGA handicaps.</p><br>
<p>Caribou Island is an uninhabited island in the eastern end of Lake Superior, 22 mi south of Michipicoten Island. It lies entirely within the territorial waters of Canada although only about three miles from the international border between Canada and the United States. It is approximately 3.5 mi long and 1.5 mi wide, and 1,600 acres in area. The interior is low scrub and bog with small lakes, Little Italy, Hambone, and Deer Lake among many unnamed ones. Several of the lakes are maintained by beavers and all are several feet above Lake Superior.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Caribou Island was considered for an emergency landing airport (YCI) during World War II but it was never built because of the proximity of the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, only about 80–90 miles SE. However an interior lake, Deer Lake on the center East side of the island, was used as an Amphibian base with a dock and ramp built by the last private owners of the island because of the unpredictable water/wave condition of Lake Superior. A small three room cabin was built on the east shore of Lake Superior adjacent to Deer Lake and the Amphibian base.</p><br>
<p>The island was privately held by a group of hunters and stocked with caribou in the late 1800s. It was considered a private hunting preserve through the early 1900s. The caribou were very aggressive, treeing the lighthouse keeper for hours on several occasions. It is rumored that the light house keepers poached caribou and beaver. One winter, in the 1920s, the caribou just walked off the island when the lake froze over. Because of the Great Depression, the island was not restocked and the island was more or less abandoned by the approximately 15 owners-in-common. The island was acquired completely by the Roys A. Ellis family in the 1960s and was transferred to the Melon Conservancy Trust in the early 1980s to never be developed.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>According to the available information, Caribou Island consists of a mixture of glacial sediments and Precambrian sandstone. Caribou Island is part of a large glacial moraine that accumulated south of Michipicoten Island. In addition, exposures of gently dipping, friable Jacobsville Sandstone, have been reported from Caribou Island. The Jacobsville Sandstone is the uppermost and youngest layer comprising about 8 km of sandstone and conglomerate that underlies Lake Superior and fills the upper part of the Lake Superior segment of the Midcontinent Rift. These sedimentary strata overlie an additional 22 km of basaltic volcanic strata and mafic intrusions that fill the remainder of the Midcontinental Rift.</p><br>
<h2>Navigation hazards</h2><br>
<p>A dangerous reef known as "Six Fathom Shoal" stretches more than 1 mi north of the north point of the island, and is rumored to be the one the SS Edmund Fitzgerald shoaled on prior to sinking. A shallow reef 2.5 mi to the southwest of Caribou Island light lies only 11 ft below the lake&#39;s surface. The now unmanned lighthouse which is owned by the Canadian Coast Guard is located on a tiny adjacent island called Lighthouse Island a few hundred feet across and positioned 1 mi west of the southern tip of the island. When originally built, it was visible for 16 mi and operated on a 30-second revolving cycle.</p><br>
<p>These reefs are not coral reefs. Instead they consist of bedrock ridges and interfluves that lie between northerly trending bedrock valleys, which are known as tunnel valleys. These tunnel valleys were excavated by subglacial meltwater at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet along pre-existing fractures and joints that exist within the bedrock floor of Lake Superior. Samples dredged from a shoal northwest of Caribou Island and close to one of these valleys resemble Jacobsville Sandstone. The lateral continuity and consistent and parallel direction of the tunnel valleys indicated that they are carved from friable sandstones that underlies the floor of most of eastern Lake Superior.</p><br>
<h2>Other islands</h2><br>
<p>There are six Caribou islands in Ontario, four of which are in Thunder Bay District. One of these Caribou Islands lies within Thunder Bay (the body of water) three km from Amethyst Harbour, Ontario and twelve km from Sleeping Giant Provincial Park at 48&deg;31&prime;34&Prime;N latitude, 88&deg;50&prime;58&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The James Arthur Morrison House, also known as the Morrison-Walker House, is a historic Spanish Colonial Revival style house and garage/guest house in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The two-story stucco and concrete main house was completed in 1926. It features Mission-style side parapets on the main block, red tile roofing, a central entrance courtyard with a decorative gate, a rear arcaded porch, and arched doorways on the exterior and in the interior. The matching garage/guest house has a two-story central block with a massive chimney and is flanked to each side by one-story garage door bays. The house and garage were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a part of the Spanish Revival Residences in Mobile Multiple Property Submission on July 12, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Dave Patton House is a historic house in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The two-story structure was built for Dave Patton, a local African American entrepreneur. He purchased this property in 1900 and completed the Mediterranean Revival style house, designed by local architect George Bigelow Rogers, in 1915.</p><br>
<p>Dave Patton was born in 1879 and began his career using two mules to haul merchandise for local merchants. He gradually built up his own business, becoming a prominent real estate entrepreneur and contractor. He is known to have built many of the area&#39;s roads and schools. Patton died in 1927. The property eventually passed into the ownership of the Stewart Memorial C.M.E. Church and today serves as the parsonage for that church. The house is included on the African American Heritage Trail of Mobile and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 12, 1987.</p><br>
<p>White Bush, alternately spelled Whitebush, is one of Berkeley County, West Virginia&#39;s oldest brick mansions. It was built circa 1781-1785 by Archibald Shearer, who had purchased the entire bend of the Potomac River in this area, about 1,200 acre. The area at that time was part of Frederick County, Virginia. The property was formerly owned by Lord Fairfax, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron but was confiscated as British property during the American Revolutionary War. A grist and saw mill had been established on the riverfront not far from the mansion by 1785.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is a rare combination of Federal architecture in the main mansion, and a later Victorian style addition.</p><br>
<p>White Bush was accepted into the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1980. It is alternately listed as the Archibald Shearer House. It is also listed in the Berkeley County Historical Society and the Berkeley County Historical Landmarks Commission Survey.</p><br>
<p>The Union Mill Complex, , is located at the junction of Milton Avenue  and Prospect Street in Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is a complex of three late 19th-century brick buildings on a 4-acre  lot, and the ruins of a dam.</p><br>
<p>Originally built to harness the nearby Kayaderosseras Creek for textile production, in the years of the Gilded Age, George West converted it to paper bag production and made the center of his company. It later became a chocolate factory, and then a warehouse for a local plastics concern. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is now used as a retail complex.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The property is a wedge-shaped parcel with Milton Avenue on the east, the Kayaderosseras Creek on the north and Prospect Street to the south and west. There is a slight rise on the west, and the complex is built into that. The surrounding neighborhood, downtown Ballston Spa, is mostly commercial. The Register listing includes three buildings — the George West Office Building, Union Mill and West Bag Factory — and one structure, the ruins of the former dam that began the industrial use of the property.</p><br>
<p>All three buildings are built of brick laid in common bond with pressed metal roofs. Metal is also used for many of the decorative touches, such as iron finials, window caps, balustrades, cornices and dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>The mill itself is an L-shaped four story building with two stair towers in the late Second Empire style, with corbeled brickwork and cast iron detailing. The original timber framing has been replaced by reinforced concrete on the lower stories. The east tower has a clock face in one dormer and a 1,500 lb bell, cast by Jones & Co. of Troy.</p><br>
<p>The bag factory is a two-and-a-half–story 3-by-16-bay gabled building. The windows have flat-arched lintels and hammered limestone sills. The attic windows in the gable ends have been bricked over. It retains the exposed timber rafters and Italianate metal monitors. Its structural system is the original timber.</p><br>
<p>On its east is the George West Office Building, later converted into a creamery. It is a five-by-three-bay two-story gabled structure with a perpendicularly attached nine-by-three-bay gabled single-story wing. On the south elevation is a two-and-a-half-story tower with metallic mansard roof dormers and bracketed cornice.</p><br>
<p>The mill and office building retain much of their original finishing. The former, redecorated in a Queen Anne mode by Saratoga Springs architect R.N. Brezee, features oak and cherry wainscoting, a highly decorated cashiers desk and walk-in vault. Similarly, the bag factory has a wainscoted cashiers office with pay windows, staircase with two open flight and varnished newel posts with turned balusters. It, too, has a walk-in vault. The owner&#39;s office overlooking Prospect Street has paneled and varnished cherry wainscoting, tiled fireplace, and pedimented cherry window moldings.</p><br>
<p>The factory has no significant decorative touches. There is no historical machinery left in it or either of the other buildings.</p><br>
<p>Behind the buildings, the Blue Mill Dam on the creek was demolished in the mid-20th century. Some of its stone piers remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Development of the property began around 1830, when Hezekiah Middlebrook first dammed the creek. The Ballston Mill Company built the first cotton mill there in 1844. Six years later, in 1850, they added a woolen mill, the current Bag Factory.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 fire destroyed the original Union Cotton Mill. The following year George West bought the property.</p><br>
<h3>The George West era</h3><br>
<p>George West had profited during the Civil War when he invented the flat-bottomed paper bag, the first which could hold as much as 50 lb. After the fire he bought the property and built the current structure, renaming it the Union Paper Mill. Power came from a renovated flume and the turbine from the cotton mill. He also enlarged the wool mill and turned it into a bag factory.</p><br>
<p>Over the next six years the office building was built, intended to be a showpiece of contemporary office design. In 1882 the dam was destroyed in a flood and rebuilt. The clock tower was illuminated with electric light in 1885, followed by the whole mill the next year. The dam was breached and rebuilt in 1886 as well, only to be breached again by another flood.</p><br>
<p>West enlarged the main mill building again in 1889. By this point the complex was the headquarters of a company that operated nine mills, two factories and a pulp mill in northern Saratoga County. He sold his holdings to the Union Bag & Paper Company in 1899.</p><br>
<h3>Bischoff's chocolates</h3><br>
<p>In 1918 the buildings were sold to German immigrant Frederick Bischoff. His chocolate company had outgrown its original location in Brooklyn and needed new space quickly. A Philadelphia firm renovated the interiors extensively for its new use and shored up the mill with steel and reinforced concrete. All the original machinery was removed by 1920.</p><br>
<p>Bischoff installed colored lights to illuminate the water falling over the dam, and made other improvements to the immediate vicinity. Bischoff died in 1942.</p><br>
<p>In 1945 wartime chocolate shortages forced the plant to close. The dam collapsed in 1947 and was not rebuilt.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>The complex was sold at auction in 1950 and experienced a variety of owners including a knitting company and Tufflite Plastics, a local company which made plastic products, and used the mill as a warehouse. Tufflite closed in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 the complex underwent extensive interior renovation and was converted into space for small retailers, professional offices, and a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Jones Tract is an island containing Lower Jones Tract and the Upper Jones Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in San Joaquin County, California, fifteen kilometres west of Stockton. The 4,900 hectare island is bounded on the north by Empire Cut, on the northeast by Whiskey Slough, on the southeast by Trapper Slough, and on the west, Middle River. The tracts are bifurcated by the parallel running Mokelumne Aqueduct, West Lower Jones Road, and a railroad originally built by the Achison Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, which now carries freight trains of the BNSF Railway and Amtrak California&#39;s San Joaquin.</p><br>
<h2>2004 levee failure</h2><br>
<p>On 3 June 2004, the Upper Jones Tract levee near Woodward Island failed, inundating the entire island with more than 150,000 acre.ft of water. The island, which lies 3 metres below sea level, required three weeks to repair the breach, and an additional five months for de-watering after the pumps were shut down on 18 December 2004. The levee failure resulted in approximately $90 million in repairs.</p><br>
<p>Moel y Gaer  is an Iron Age hillfort at the northern end of the Clwydian Range, located on a summit overlooking the valley of the River Wheeler, near the village of Bodfari, Denbighshire, Wales, five miles north-east of Denbigh. The site is a scheduled monument, classified as a prehistoric defensive hillfort.</p><br>
<p>The hillfort is one of a chain of six hillforts in the Clwydian Range, which are, from north to south, Moel Hiraddug, Moel y Gaer Bodfari, Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, Moel y Gaer Llanbedr, and Moel Fenlli. Offa&#39;s Dyke Path passes along the foot of the hill. Moel y Gaer Bodfari is the lowest of these hillforts, being just 200 m above sea level. The hill on which it stands is surrounded by lower land and is strategically situated at the confluence of the River Wheeler and the Clwyd.</p><br>
<p>The fort at Moel y Gaer is one of the smallest of the chain of defensive works found along the Clwydians. It probably dates from the Iron Age, although there is no definitive evidence to establish the exact period during which it was occupied. It has a single entrance on its northern side and is defended by a steep slope on the eastern side of the hill.</p><br>
<p>Excavation started in 2011 and is ongoing as of 2016. The area enclosed by the ramparts is about two hectares. Various anomalies have been targeted in the excavations, including what is possibly a group of pits and other features where the ground seems to have been dug out, as well as what seems to be a roundhouse on a levelled piece of land. Examination of the middle rampart began in 2013, and it seems that there may have been several phases in its construction.</p><br>
<p>Moel y Gaer , also known as Moel-y-Gaer Camp or Moel y Gaer Hillfort, is an Iron Age hillfort located on a western spur of the Clwydian Range, near the village of Llanbedr, Denbighshire, Wales. The site is a scheduled monument, classified as a prehistoric defensive hillfort.</p><br>
<p>The hillfort is one of a chain of six hillforts in the Clwydian Range, which are, from north to south, Moel Hiraddug, Moel y Gaer Bodfari, Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, Moel y Gaer Llanbedr, and Moel Fenlli.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Moel y Gaer hillfort is surrounded by steep slopes to the north, west, and south. To the east the approach is almost level and is where the main entrance is sited. There is also a non-functional entrance to the west. Most of the fort is surrounded by a double bank and ditch, with additional banks to the northeast, near the entrance, across the ridge connecting the hill to the higher ground leading to Moel Famau.</p><br>
<p>The hillfort is approximately oval, measuring about 200 m north-south by 180 m west-east. The main enclosure is a rounded triangle with an area of 2.63 hectare, with an annex to the north of 0.26 hectare, giving a total area of 2.89 hectare.</p><br>
<p>At a height of 320 m up to 345 m Moel y Gaer is much lower than the other hillforts in the chain and is also unusual in that it is not sited on the ridge of the range. However, it is in a commanding position over the Vale of Clwyd.</p><br>
<p>The site has suffered from some agricultural damage in the 1980s and also some damage from sheep and rabbit warrens.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and surveys</h2><br>
<p>The hillfort was investigated in 1849 by W. Wynne-Ffoulkes. He dug a number of small trenches and concluded that the eastern entrance had been paved and that the inner rampart was built of stone or fronted with stone. He also found an area with large amounts of highly burnt stone. Various artefacts discovered at the site have since been lost.</p><br>
<p>More recently, in 2007, a topographic survey was carried out for the Heather and Hillforts Project. The survey identified 15 roundhouse platforms within the enclosure, along with possible evidence that the inner rampart was faced with stone at some time during the site&#39;s occupation. The survey also found evidence of a major period of burning, with fragments of burnt stone in several places and also a block of vitrified material.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 a geophysical survey was carried out as part of an "Archaeology Uncovered" event, with members of the public carrying out the field work. The work included magnetic susceptibility, fluxgate gradiometer, and resistivity surveys. The surveys identified a number of possible features, including a potentially paved path and a number of potential lines of stone walls.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 a team from Bangor University, in collaboration with the Heather and Hillforts Project, excavated two trenches at the site. The excavations also acted as a field school for students from Bangor and from the University of Vienna, Austria, and as a community archaeology project.</p><br>
<p>The study tentatively suggests that Moel y Gaer hillfort had at least two phases of occupation, an Early Iron Age phase, when the inner rampart was built, and possibly a second (Middle or Late Iron Age) phase, when the outer ramparts were built.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>As well as being a scheduled monument, the hillfort is also protected and managed as part of the Heather and Hillforts Project. The project includes six hillforts: the four most southerly of the hillforts in the Clwydian Range (Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, Moel y Gaer Llanbedr, and Moel Fenlli) and also Moel y Gaer Llantysilio and Caer Drewyn.</p><br>
<p>The Stone Bridge is a causeway built by the United States Army in 1867. It crosses the marshy channel that connects Hart Lake and Crump Lake in a remote area of Lake County in eastern Oregon, United States. It was later incorporated into the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road which was completed in 1872. The wagon road eventually became the subject of scandal and litigation ending with a United States Supreme Court decision in 1893. The Stone Bridge and the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Today, the Stone Bridge is located on land claimed by the State of Oregon under riparian rights. The wagon road adjacent to the Stone Bridge is owned by the United States Government and is administered by Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<h2>Camp Warner</h2><br>
<p>In 1865, the Army decided it needed a fort near the Warner Lakes to facilitate the interdiction of Indian raiding parties passing through the area. Army scouts from Fort Vancouver selected a site along Honey Creek on the west side of the Warner Lakes in what is today Lake County, Oregon. In 1866, a unit of the 14 Infantry Regiment was sent from Fort Boise to establish the fort. The 14th Infantry came by way of Fort Harney, arriving on the east side of the Warner Lakes in late summer. The Army was unable to cross the chain of lakes which stretched more than seventy miles north to south. After several skirmishes with Indians, the soldiers decided to build Camp Warner on the east side of the lakes. The camp was sited poorly and its construction was hasty. As a result, the men had a very difficult winter, losing one sergeant who froze to death during a snow storm.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1867, the 14th Infantry was replaced by a company of the 23 Infantry Regiment. In February, General George Crook visited Camp Warner. Crook directed that the camp be moved to the Honey Creek site west of the lakes. To get the Army’s wagons and equipment across the Warner wetlands, forty men under the command of Captain James Henton were assigned to build a bridge across a narrow, marshy channel between Hart Lake and Crump Lake. Shortly after the bridge was begun a second detachment was sent ahead to construct the new fort. The bridge was completed that summer and the soldiers moved into the new camp, which was named Fort Warner.</p><br>
<p>By 1869, the Indian raids in south-central Oregon had ended and a treaty had been signed. With no Indian raiders left in the area, Fort Warner was abandoned in 1874. While the fort is gone, the Stone Bridge the Army built to cross the Warner wetlands still exists.</p><br>
<h2>Bridge structure</h2><br>
<p>The Stone Bridge was the first large structure built in the south-central part of Oregon. It was constructed between 16 May and 24 July 1867 by forty men from the 23 Infantry Regiment under the supervision of Captain James Henton. The site chosen for the bridge was a narrow marsh that connects Hart Lake and Crump Lake, two large lakes at the southern end of the seventy-mile long chain of lakes and wetlands known as Warner Lakes.</p><br>
<p>The Stone Bridge is actually a quarter mile long causeway rather than a traditional bridge. It was constructed by hauling basalt boulders and smaller rocks from nearby Hart Mountain and dumping them into the marsh. When it was completed, the causeway was probably several feet above the water level and was wide enough for wagons to pass over it.</p><br>
<p>The Army abandoned the crossing in 1874 when it closed Fort Warner and left the area. In the meantime, the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road had begun using the Stone Bridge to cross the Warner Lakes. However, the road company never maintained it. After the military road was abandoned, local ranchers used the causeway as a cattle crossing for many years. Eventually, the causeway settled into the soft marshy ground, disappearing beneath the water. Today, the Stone Bridge is completely underwater except during periods of drought. As a result, it is very difficult to find.</p><br>
<h2>Road construction</h2><br>
<p>The Civil War had drained the United States treasury and the State of Oregon did not have a tax base sufficient to support road construction so the government financed the military road projects with land grants. Private companies were specifically chartered to construct the roads. Congress allowed the construction companies to claim three sections of land for every mile of road they built, every odd numbered section in a swath covering three miles (5 km) on either side of the road. As ten-mile (16 km) sections of road were completed, the companies could claim up to thirty sections of land along the route as payment. Once the tracts were patented, the company could sell or lease the land to recover the cost of construction and create profits for its investors.</p><br>
<p>As a result, road surveyors laid out routes designed to pass through as much well watered, desirable land as possible. For example, when the Oregon Central military road reached the summit of the Cascade Mountains, it turned south through the upper Deschutes River country into the Klamath Basin to Fort Klamath. It then followed the Williamson and Sprague Rivers, claiming large parts of the Klamath Indian Reservation. The Oregon Central road meandered through the Goose Lake Valley, over the Warner Mountains to Camp Warner (west of the present day community of Plush). From Camp Warner the Oregon Central Military Road went across Warner Valley east crossing north of Beatys Butte, across the south end of Catlow Valley. The road crossed Steens Mountain through Long Hollow (near the present day community of Fields) going on to Camp C. F. Smith on Whitehorse Creek. From Camp C. F. Smith the Oregon Central Military Road continued northeast to the Owyhee River crossing (present day Rome)where it connected to an existing wagon road from Winnemucca, Nevada.</p><br>
<h2>Scandal and litigation</h2><br>
<p>On 12 January 1870, Oregon’s Governor, George L. Woods, certified to the United States Secretary of the Interior that the road was complete. This allowed the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road Company to claim property along the route. However, most of the Oregon Central roadway was nothing more than a rudimentary trail.</p><br>
<p>In reality, the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road was a giant scam, designed to acquire public lands at little or no cost to the road company’s investors. Nevertheless, the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road Company claimed a total of 875,196 acre of public land. The company was able to patent 235,568 acre before lawsuits ended the fraud. Legal disputes kept the ownership of these lands in question for decades, preventing honest settlers from claiming land grants for farms and ranches. In addition, the company paid no taxes while the land claims were disputed. At the same time, the value of the land and its timber, minerals, and grazing potential continued to increase as the property rights were passed from one investor group to the next. Finally, newspaper reports of the fraud compelled Congress to investigate. This led to a major court case, known as the United States versus the California and Oregon Land Company. That case was decided by the United States Supreme Court on 6 March 1893. As a result, the United States Government was able to reclaim the unpatented lands; however, title to patented lands remained in private hands.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the land passed into the hands of the Oregon Valley Land Company, which subdivided it into 14,000 lots and parcels. The property was finally sold in a nationally advertised auction held in Lakeview, Oregon in 1909. The company sold a total of 340,000 acre. Many of the properties included a separate lot in the town of Lakeview along with the rural land purchase. Many buyers bid on land without actually seeing it. As a result, the company was able to sell thousands of acres of dry, worthless land during their week-long auction. As a result, very few purchasers ever lived on their property or received economic benefits from it.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>At that point, the original road headed south through northern Klamath County past what is now the community of Chemult. It followed the Williamson and Sprague Rivers before turning east into Lake County. The road passed over Drews Gap and followed Drews Creek through the north end of the Goose Lake Valley, along what is Oregon Route 140 today.</p><br>
<p>It then crossed the Warner Mountains and entered the Warner Valley, crossing over the Warner Lakes at the Stone Bridge between Crump Lake and Hart Lake. The road continued south of Hart Mountain, through what is today the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge. The road crossed the Catlow Valley and then Steens Mountain. It continued through Harney County, entering Malheur County near the Whitehorse Ranch on the east side of the Pueblo Valley. From there the road follows Crooked Creek northeast, passing near what is now Rome, Oregon. From there it ran along Jordan Creek to Silver City, Idaho.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>The Stone Bridge and the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road were historically important projects undertaken by the United States Government and the State of Oregon. Because it is a unique military and transportation history site, the Stone Bridge and an adjacent section of the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 8 November 1974. Despite this designation, both are very difficult to find. A marker was placed at the east end of the Stone Bridge in 1975; however, the causeway itself is only visible when the water level in the adjoining lakes drops to a low level. Some sections of the military road have become part of Oregon’s modern road network while crude dirt roads follow the route in other places; however, most of the original road has completely disappeared.</p><br>
<p>Moel y Gaer  is an Iron Age hillfort on a summit of Llantysilio Mountain, northwest of the town of Llangollen, Denbighshire, Wales. The site is a scheduled monument classified as a prehistoric defensive hillfort.</p><br>
<p>The hillfort is also protected and managed as part of the Heather and Hillforts Project. The project includes six hillforts: the four most southerly of the hillforts in the Clwydian Range (Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, Moel y Gaer Llanbedr, and Moel Fenlli), this hillfort and Caer Drewyn.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The defensive works at Moel y Gaer comprise a roughly oval area measuring about 140 m east-west by 100 m, enclosing approximately 0.95 hectare, and consist of a single rampart and a discontinuous ditch, with a single entrance on the eastern side. The stone bank is up to 3.1 m high externally and 0.6 m internally, and the ditch to the north is 10 m wide. The summit reaches 503.5 m above sea level. A track crossing the site from east to west, used by pedestrians and drivers of off-road vehicles, presents a threat to the archaeological remains.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and surveys</h2><br>
<p>As part of the Heather and Hillforts Project a topographic survey was commissioned, which took place between December 2006 and January 2007. The survey recorded the remains of 11 roundhouse platforms within the enclosure, concentrated on the eastern side. A geophysical survey followed in 2009 which identified more possible roundhouses, along with possible internal tracks and two potential rectangular structures.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 an archaeological excavation identified two roundhouses of about 7 m diameter from different periods of occupation, and the results showed preservation of significant archaeological deposits in the interior of the hillfort, but also the fragile nature of the resource.</p><br>
<p>The McColly Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge in western Logan County, Ohio, United States. Located in Washington Township near the community of Bloom Center, it is one of two remaining covered bridges in Logan County. It carries County Road 13  over the Great Miami River, approximately 5 mi south of its source at Indian Lake.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1876 by the Anderson Green Company of Sidney, Ohio at a cost of $3,103 and named for nearby landowner Nicholas McColly. Although Anderson Green built many other bridges statewide, including another bridge in southwestern Logan County, it is the only remaining bridge built by the company in any location. It is approximately 142 ft long, with a clearance of 16 ft and a total width of 20 ft.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the McColly Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its significance in Ohio&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Restorations in 1943 and 1958 involved replacement of floorboards, strengthening of trusses, and raising the bridge to reduce the danger of flooding. The 1996 engineering summary identified several serious faults: the bridge had tilted so that its portals were no longer square, many of the beams had rotted, a collision had damaged the interior, and nearly one-third of the bridge&#39;s siding had disappeared. ten months and over $690,000 after the commencement of repairs. The Ohio Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration provided aid for this project and recognized it as "an outstanding example of preservation, rehabilitation and reuse of a historic bridge."</p><br>
<p>The Billings County Courthouse in Medora, North Dakota was built c.1880 and was remodeled in 1913 with architect John Tester. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP nomination, the courthouse "symbolizes the orderly administration of justice in a county which is one of the least populated in North Dakota. The structure is also a physical link with the first years of settlement in the region, its core being formed from a building believed to date from the 1880s."</p><br>
<p>The Billings County Museum has been located in the former county courthouse since 1986. Exhibits include a collection of barbed wire, fencing, farm and automotive tools, guns and weapons, military artifacts, horse riding and Western items, and displays of ethnic items from area pioneers. Visitors can also view the restored courtroom and jail, and a period bunkhouse, general store and kitchen. The museum is operated by the Billings County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Pfau–Crichton Cottage, best known as Chinaberry, is a historic cottage in Mobile, Alabama. The -story, wood-frame, Gulf Coast cottage was completed in 1862. She enlisted in the Navy at the outbreak of World War I and continued her service until retirement, in the 1950s. She traveled extensively in Europe during the 1930s, maintaining scrapbooks that recorded her visits to various art museums, gardens, and monuments. She was the last direct descendant of Hugh Randolph Crichton, the founder of the Mobile County town of Crichton.</p><br>
<p>The cottage is unique in its architectural features. The home itself is a two-story structure, each floor being measured at 700 ft&sup2;. The bottom floor of the home is the central living area consisting of the kitchen, library, bathroom, living room, dining room, and a single bedroom. The unique part of this part of the architecture is that all rooms are connected by multiple doorways, but no hallways. The upper floor is a one-room storage area.</p><br>
<p>On the property there are a total of three structures. Aside from the cottage itself there is an outlying kitchen and a chapel. There are brick walkways that lead to each structure and all garden areas.</p><br>
<p>The Flechtingen Hills  are a wooded, hilly upland area up to 179 m high in the northwestern part of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, named after the town of Flechtingen.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Flechtingen Hills are bordered by the River Aller to the west, the Spetze, a right-hand tributary of the Aller, to the north, the valley of the Ohre to the northeast, through which the Mittelland Canal also runs, and by the Beber, a tributary of the Ohre, to the south.</p><br>
<p>One of the highest elevations in the Flechtingen Hills is the Butterberg near Ivenrode at.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Unlike the surrounding region, geologically old rocks reach the surface of the Flechtingen Hills. It thus forms the northernmost region of bedrock in Germany, because North Germany is almost completely covered by unconsolidated rocks of the Quaternary period. The ridge is mostly composed of volcanic rock and sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous and Permian periods. In places these are mined in large quarries.</p><br>
<p>Regionally the ridge is part of the Flechtingen-Roßlau Scholle, that runs in the northwest from the depression of the Drömling towards the southeast to Magdeburg and the river Roßlau. Another well-known ridge in this Scholle is the Magdeburg Domfelsen, which acts as a sill to the Elbe and markedly raises its water velocity.</p><br>
<p>The Ross Knox House is a historic Tudor Revival style residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The two-story brick and stucco house was completed in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The front elevation gives the appearance of a one-story Tudor cottage, with the rear revealing a full second story. The exterior architecture features steeply pitched gables, half-timbering with stucco infill, prominent chimneys, and casement windows.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was bought in 1933 by Ross Knox, the president of the Lucas E. Moore Stave Company of Georgia, a cooperage and supply company. He sold it in 1942. In 1959 it was bought by a local judge, Herndon Inge, Jr. It served as Inge&#39;s residence for over 40 years. Following</p><br>
<p>Inge&#39;s ownership, the house was purchased by the John A. Roberts Jr. family in 2002. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Smith Observatory and Dr. William R. Brooks House is a historic home and observatory located at Geneva in Ontario County, New York. Both structures were built in 1888. The observatory is a small frame building consisting of a two-story tower flanked by two small wings. The tower contains a 10 inch refracting telescope by Warner & Swasey of Cleveland, Ohio. The east wing contains an intact meridian transit telescope and sidereal pendulum clock. The house is a two-story brick dwelling with a broad range of intact, late Victorian eclectic features.</p><br>
<p>Brooks was a Professor of Astronomy at Hobart College, which owned the observatory until the late 20th century</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>McKittrick Canyon is a scenic canyon within the Guadalupe Mountains of West Texas and Eddy County, New Mexico. The steep, towering walls of McKittrick Canyon protect a rich riparian oasis in the midst of the Chihuahuan Desert.</p><br>
<p>The majority of McKittrick Canyon is part of Guadalupe Mountains National Park, but is separated from the main park area and managed as a "day-use only" area with limited visitation hours. However, a large part of North McKittrick Canyon is located in the Guadalupe Ranger District of Lincoln National Forest in New Mexico. Access to McKittrick Canyon is by a 4.2-mile (6.8-km) gated side road that leads to the mouth of McKittrick Canyon from USA Route 62/180. Here the National Park Service maintains a parking area, restroom facilities, and visitor center, which is staffed most of the year by volunteers.</p><br>
<h2>McKittrick Canyon Trail</h2><br>
<p>McKittrick Canyon Trail begins at the visitor center and initially follows a dry stream, crossing the stream bed several times as it works its way up the canyon. At first, the vegetation is more typical of the Chihuahuan Desert with various species of yucca, agave, and cacti, such as spanish dagger (Yucca faxoniana), sotol (Dasylirion leiophyllum), ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens), lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla), century plants (Agave americana), prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), and claret cup cacti (Echinocereus triglochidiatus). Scattered among these desert plants are a few hardy pines, junipers, and the occasional Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis), an unusual tree with red-colored bark that tends to curl up and peel off each year.</p><br>
<p>As one ascends into the relatively cool and more sheltered environment farther up the canyon, a flowing stream of clear water appears and riparian vegetation becomes more abundant, including deciduous trees such as oak, ash, and bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum). During the fall, McKittrick Canyon comes alive with color from the turning foliage of maple and hardwood trees. The bright colors stand in stark contrast to the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert.</p><br>
<p>After a distance of 2.4 mi, the path reaches the Wallace Pratt Lodge that was built by Wallace Everette Pratt (1885-1981), a petroleum geologist who once owned most of McKittrick Canyon. In 1959, Pratt donated 4,988 acre of his ranch to the National Park Service, and seven years later, on 15 October 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the act establishing Guadalupe Mountains National Park. On 30 September 1972, Guadalupe Mountains National Park was dedicated and formally opened to the public.</p><br>
<p>Farther up the canyon, the path becomes quite steep as it begins to follow a series of switchbacks, climbing nearly 2,000 ft over the next 2 mi, eventually reaching "the Notch" at an altitude around 7,200 ft. From this high point one can view McKittrick Canyon and the distant desert to the east and South McKittrick Canyon to the west.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the canyon was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its archeological importance on 26 September 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Washington County Courthouse is an historic governmental building located at 256 East Court in Weiser, Idaho. Designed in the Moderne or Art Deco styles of architecture by architects Tourtellotte and Hummel, it was built in 1939 by contractor J.F. Ulmer. On September 28, 1987, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>It was built to replace the previous courthouse which was destroyed by a February 1938 fire. The Works Progress Administration provided labor and the county provided materials. The WPA laborers were directed by Boise builder J. F. Ulmer. It was substantially completed in fall of 1939 and dedicated on December 1, but the application of a sprayed veneer of paint and fine sand to finish the building was not accomplished until the following spring.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Block, located at 23-25 S 4th st and 324 Kittson Ave in the Downtown Grand Forks Historic District of Grand Forks, North Dakota is a historic building built in 1888 as a home for the Odd Fellows meeting hall, which was situated on the third floor. The hall was fitted with a large and well-appointed lodge room, a banquet hall, and numerous smaller rooms.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Block is architecturally significant in that it is one of two remaining Richardsonian Romanesque buildings extant in Grand Forks along with the St John&#39;s Block. These buildings were, along with the now demolished Security Building, the most impressive in Grand Forks in the late 19th century. The south (principal) and west elevations of the building feature cream brick towers framing recessed red brick bays along with stone details and decorative brick panels. Visible above the roof is a large wire frame skylight, now covered over with tar paper, which once lit the meeting hall below. The second floor apartments date to the original construction.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Block played a significant role in the social and civic life of Grand Forks in the last decades of the 19th century serving as a meeting place for three Odd Fellows&#39; lodges and the Daughters of Rebekah, as well as for lodges of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Knights of the Maccabees, the Order of Foresters, the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Royal Arcanum.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows block serves as the southwestern anchor of the historic district in downtown Grand Forks.</p><br>
<p>Clifton Springs Sanitarium is a historic sanitarium building located at Clifton Springs in Ontario County, New York. Construction of the sanitarium building began in 1892 as a five-story ell-shaped 244 ft brick structure in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The facade is eleven bays wide and terminated at each end by a conical tower with flat roof. A rectangular tower dominates the central bay. The building includes a chapel that has a favrile glass mosaic of the Last Supper designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It was home to the Clifton Springs Water Cure promoted by Dr. Henry Foster, whose 1854 home, Foster Cottage, is located on the property. In 1974 it was converted to a senior citizens apartment building. The sanitarium building and Foster Cottage were later included as part of the Clifton Springs Sanitarium Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The spa building "is a fine example of the early work of the Elmira architectural firm of Pierce and Bickford which was active in the western part of New York State from 1890 to 1930."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
